Selase Buatsi
German National Socialism
Fascism (derived from Roman authoritative symbol fasces)- an autorotation political movement that sought to create a viable society by subordinating individuals to the service of the state (extreme form of nationalism). It developed as a reaction to the social and political changes caused by the Great War and the spread of socialism.
Adolf Hitler
The Nazi Party
Fascism (derived from Roman authoritative symbol fasces)- an autorotation political movement that sought to create a viable society by subordinating individuals to the service of the state (extreme form of nationalism). It developed as a reaction to the social and political changes caused by the Great War and the spread of socialism.
Adolf Hitler
- Born April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria to a middle class family
- Hitler dropped out of school without graduating at age 16 and went to Vienna in 1907 to pursue his dream of art but was denied entry to the Academy of Fine Arts
- During his 5 years in Vienna he learned to hate Jews and Marxists because he thought they had a plot to destroy the world
- He also hated liberalism and democracy also and ranted to anyone who would listen
- After serving in the war, he became chairman of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (the Nazi Party)
The Nazi Party
- The party made their first major appearance when the tried to overthrow the democratic Weimar Republic which had replaced the German empire in 1919
- The revolt quickly ended when the police showed up and Hitler was then arrested
- When Hitler was let out of prison, he realized if he wanted to gain control, he would have to do it legally
The Struggle for Power
The Nazi's were able to rapidly gain support because people blamed the German democracy for Germany's problems; the Treaty of Versailles, the hyperinflation of the early 1920, the suffering brought by the Great Depression, and the endless fighting among political parties for power
Consolidation of Power
The Nazi party did everything possible to impose and solidify their rule
The Nazi's were able to rapidly gain support because people blamed the German democracy for Germany's problems; the Treaty of Versailles, the hyperinflation of the early 1920, the suffering brought by the Great Depression, and the endless fighting among political parties for power
- Hitler promised to create a new order that would bring Germany to greatness and the addition of racial doctrine to their ideology made them unique
- The Nazi's recruited followers from all divisions and classes, however they mainly appealed to the lower-middle class
- Hitler attracted people who felt alienated from society and frightened by the idea of a socialist revolution
- The inability of democratic and liberal leaders to stop public fighting that resulted from the Great Depression and political infighting made them unpopular with the people
- Between 1930 and 1932 the Nazi party became the biggest in parliament so President Paul von Hindenburg decided to offer Hitler a position as chief minister of the state
- Hitler quickly changed the republic into a dictatorship and promised a German empire that would last for years
Consolidation of Power
The Nazi party did everything possible to impose and solidify their rule
- They eliminated all liberal and working-class opposition
- Suppressed communists and social parties and also took away almost all constitutional and civil rights
- Outlawed all political parties other than the Nazi party and made it illegal to create a new party
- Replaced the federal structure with a highly centralized state and eliminated autonomy practiced by state and local governments
- Destroyed trade unions and collective bargaining to prevent strikes and lockouts
- Removed the judiciary and civil services, took control of all police forces, and eliminated all enemies (real or perceived)
The Role of Women
In Nazi ideology women and men occupied two different spheres in which worms had the primary role of wife and mother and the Nazi party worked hard to make this a reality and declining birth rates caused the party to launch a campaign to increase births
Anti-Semitism
Prejudice against Jews was a distinguishing characteristic of Nazi ideology and they did their best to suppress the Jews. The government used religious descent to figure who was a Jew then created many laws to humiliate, impoverish, and segregate them
In Nazi ideology women and men occupied two different spheres in which worms had the primary role of wife and mother and the Nazi party worked hard to make this a reality and declining birth rates caused the party to launch a campaign to increase births
- Used tax credits, special child allowances, and marriage loans to encourage young people to marry and have children
- Rewrote divorce laws so that a man could only divorce his wife if she was unable to become pregnant or give birth
- Outlawed abortion, closed birth control centers, restricted birth contraceptives, and made it hard to get family planning information
- Annually awarded women with bronze, silver, and gold Honor Crosses for having more than 4, 6, or 8 children respectively
Anti-Semitism
Prejudice against Jews was a distinguishing characteristic of Nazi ideology and they did their best to suppress the Jews. The government used religious descent to figure who was a Jew then created many laws to humiliate, impoverish, and segregate them
- In 1935 the Nuremberg Laws took away their citizenship and prevented them from marrying or doing anything further with a German
- The Nazi party worked with government agencies, banks, and businesses to take Jews out of economic life and take their wealth
- Jewish civil servants lost their jobs, lawyers and doctors lost their non-Jewish clients, and business owners lost their businesses
- The goal of the Nazi party was Jewish emigration
- Their emigration deprived Germany of its leading intellectuals, scientists, and artists
- After Kristallnacht "the night of broken glass", a night when Hitler ordered the destruction of thousand of Jewish stores! the burning of synagogues, and the murder of more than 100 Jews, emigration became more urgent for Jews
- The poor and elderly did not have much opportunity to leave Germany and had to